While the relatively easier task of getting compliance with iodine fortification guidelines from the large- and medium-scale salt industry units has been achieved, compliance by small- and some medium-scale salt producers continues to pose challenges. These groups are often those most vulnerable and are in the greatest need of protection against iodine deficiency. Nevertheless, despite the relative success of salt iodization, there are population groups in many countries still without access to iodized salt. Double fortified salt is currently being produced in India and has the potential to be distributed through commercial channels and public programs to reach economically weaker sections of the population in many countries. Building on the success with iodization, double fortification of salt with iodine and iron is gaining ground and can be integrated with established iodization processes. Successful salt iodization has reduced the incidence of goiter and cretinism, prevented mental retardation and subclinical iodine deficiency disorders, and contributed to improved national productivity. As of 2015, nearly 76% of salt consumed in the world is being iodized, protecting nearly 80 million newborns each year from the threat of mental impairment caused by iodine deficiency ( UNICEF State of the World’s Children, 2015). A significant proportion of the populations in more than 120 countries have access to iodized salt. Adding iodine to salt is a simple manufacturing process costing no more than 4 cents per person annually. Iodine: The most successful global fortification experience has been the fortification of salt with iodine. Because of the high efficacy of vitamin A fortification, safety is a concern, and care must be taken not to over fortify. Since the poorer segments of the population in Africa and Asia do not consume as much sugar as in Latin America, countries such as Nigeria, Morocco, Yemen, Bangladesh, and Pakistan are implementing national programs to fortify cooking oils with vitamin A. Similar approaches in Zambia beginning in 1998 demonstrated success in urban areas. Vitamin A: Guatemala’s sugar fortification program has virtually eliminated vitamin A deficiency and big reductions in vitamin A deficiency have also been reported in El Salvador and Honduras, where fortification was combined with supplementation. The following section discusses the current situation with respect to fortification programs designed to prevent specific micronutrient deficiencies, and highlights some remaining issues and challenges. Notwithstanding the considerable progress in food fortification over the past decades, there are major challenges to ensure that undernourished people especially in low- and middle-income countries receive meaningful amounts of micronutrients through improved access to fortified foods. Hurrell, in Food Fortification in a Globalized World, 2018 1.6 Current Situation, Issues and Challenges